Journal of Australasian Graphics Imagery - An Electronic Journal for Computer Graphics and Computer Vision

Joanne Ng, ISS, National University of Singapore. Email: ngsej@cs.curtin.edu.au Home Page: http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/~ngsej [HREF2]

Introduction   

Information has become a key resource for academics, researchers and corporations. Much of our work requires communication to occur for tasks to be completed. Dickson and Lloyd (1992a) note that seventy percent of work is on information handling tasks: hence a person's work predominantly consists of getting access to, understanding, manipulating and storing information. Access to the Internet enables multi-media communication by means of two key areas. The first is through the existing Internet mail system, the second uses its own protocol for passing information.

The e-mail standard, called Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions or MIME (Borenstein and Freed 1993), is designed to build over the top of the current Internet mail protocols (Postel 1982; Crocker 1982).

Ever since the inception of electronic mail, there has been much discussion of its even greater potential.
Borenstein, 1991g, p. 79

Research into multimedia e-mail stretches as far back as 1979. In 1984-5 one of the first multimedia electronic mail systems emerged: Diamond. It combined user interface technology and communications technology to produce a system that could send a combination of text, images and sound. Since then many organisations have produced their own versions of multimedia mail: Diamond, Andrew, NeXT, the Internet Experimental System, NSF EXPRES and MONTAGE multimedia electronic mail systems. MIME was developed for non vendor-specific multimedia communication.

The arrival of the World Wide Web (WWW) [HREF3] allowed for delivery of text, images, sound, movies and software to any site on the Internet which had a WWW browser. This then became the standard for multimedia communication (it did however use the concepts of the MIME types and applications).

Background   

Most journals today present text and images. The text is linear in nature (except for a footnote or a citation - primitive forms of hyperlinks) and the images are usually of poor quality compared to what the author wants to show to the reader. The delivery of the journal is very resource intensive and is limited in distribution. The articles are often very out of date ( a turn around time of 18 months is common) and hence the articles are of historic use rather than showing what is happening now!

An electronic journal can show text in a non-linear fashion with links to other sources of information as well as present images at any desired quality ( the author can provide any level of quality limited only by the time and space available to the him or her self). But also, the author can provide an audio narrative, provide the software that is being detailed, the algorithms that are being explained, the data that is being used. This can foster research in a collaborative manner rather than contribute to the "re-invent the wheel" syndrome. The author can also provide PostScript hardcopy (or the original document in proprietary format) as well as movies of results if appropriate.

An excellent survey of the richness and potential of an electronic journal can be found via Hancock, Carr, and Hall (1995) .

In the two frustrating years since this journal was first proposed many australian electronic journals [HREF4] have been developed, with success stories such as COMPLEXITY INTERNATIONAL [HREF5] showing what can be done. Fortunately, in late 1995, the Electronic Publishing Working Group of The Australian Vice- Chancellors Committee awarded us a grant to set up a Computer Graphics and Computer Vision electronic journal. [HREF6]

See Marriott and Ng. 1996a and Marriott and Ng. 1996b for further information about the journal and Ng and Marriott 1994 Ng and Marriott 1995 , and Ng and Marriott. 1996 for earlier work on Electronic Publishing.

jagi - Journal of Australasian Graphics Imagery   

The journal [HREF7] highlights Australasian research in the fields of Computer Graphics and Computer Vision. The editorial and advisory boards consists of Australasian and international researchers, recognised in their field. The journal is concerned with (but not limited to) publishing fully refereed, multi-media articles on:

• computer animation
• architectural visualisation
• scientific visualisation
• computer imagery
• image generation algorithms
• GIS/LIS
• CAD/CAM
• multi-media communications
• CV and pattern recognition

The journal is freely available to any researcher or organisation on the Internet network and enables the reader to receive text, PostScript documents, full colour, high resolution images, software, movies, audio and computer data. The transport mechanism is the HTTP protocol with the journal being available from our World Wide Web (WWW) site at Curtin University and mirrored from various sites throughout the world. The subscriber will "read" the journal via a WWW browser.

The journal publishes only material of high quality in the correct format. The refereeing process has the same rigour as any conventional journal. Original papers and seminars receive at least three international referee reports. Technical notes are assessed by two referees. Images are judged on quality and innovation. Each article should be an original piece of work that has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Each article must be approved for publication by all co-authors, and where appropriate, by the responsible authorities at the institute where the work has been carried out.

Articles are considered under the following categories: Original Papers, Technical Notes, Seminars, Images, Software and Email to Editor. The language of the journal is English. However, authors are encouraged to include a copy of all or parts of the paper in any language of their choice via hyperlinks in their title page.

Problems

The technological problems of electronic publishing are minor - disk space, a server, organisation of directories, support systems.

The problems of author migration from paper to an electronic format can be solved with support systems such as online tutorials on HTML [HREF8] as well as exposure to what is possible (this is really a social problem - a paradigm shift is needed in the authors way of looking at providing information).

To aid in author migration, the journal provides email mechanisms for image conversion from one format to another as well as from mathematical equations in LaTex or EQN format into some image format: the author emails the URL of the source information or includes it in the email and the converted image is emailed back to the author in a MIME compliant manner.

Of more importance are the social and political problems associate with the acceptance of ejournals. It has been found by many electronic publishers (AVCC Electronic Publishing Working Party 1996) that the majority of subscribers readily accept an electronic journal - the advantages are overwhelming for any journal which uses any form of multimedia. However, it has also been found that the majority of readers were reluctant to submit articles to an electronic journal.

Similarly, many high profile academics are wary of being on the Editorial Board of Web Based journals.

This is probably due to the incredibly low Signal-to-Noise ratio on the Web. Or more accurately, the Information-to-Noise ratio. An electronic journal needs to have a high quality profile before people will submit to it or serve on the Board. The journal will not get that profile unless high quality articles are submitted to it or high profile academics sit on the Board. There is a major problem in bootstrapping this process! Jagi has been very fortunate in attracting visionary high profile academics to its Board.

The next problem is the authors....

For discussion are the following "rhetorical for the moment" questions:

• How can we quickly bootstrap this process?
• How can we raise the "Information-to-Noise" ratio?
• What kudos is to be obtained by either submitting to or serving on an electronic journal?
• How seriously are electronic publications regarded by universities for tenure and promotions purpose?
• How will electronic journal editors ensure academic credibility?
• Who will "pay" for the journal?
• Who archives the journal? How do libraries ensure permanence?
• How and when does the journal evolve given the very dynamic nature of the Web?
• What version of HTML should the author be constrained to? What "extensions" are allowable?

Software Agents

One of the outcomes of the Webbing of the Computer Graphics course notes [HREF10] was increased e- mail traffic to the authors. (E-mail from around the world asking about solving their particular problems!) This had some major educational benefits but in the context of an electronic journal, this ease of access to the journal's board members may pose serious time problems: e-mail will arrive at any time of the day (or night) due to the worldwide audience and should be answered quickly.

Hence we hope that a Software Agent System will:

• Help process routine queries (submissions, formats, back issues, contacting authors,etc).
  This functionality is available through an augmented email filter such as is used within Elm. It needs to be intelligent to understand what is being requested without having to resort to a very inflexible request syntax.
• Help route submissions to the appropriate referees (and then remind them periodically about returning their evaluation).
  The routing can be done via a smart email filter coupled to a referee database. An intelligent Software Agent will handle the reminders (perhaps getting more abusive with each reminder) and can log turn around time for the referees report. This can then be used for evaluating who to send a submitted paper to, given certain time constraints.
• Help with new edition notification. At a trivial level, this could be implimented by URL-minder [HREF11] . However, there are other benefits in getting users to register their email address with the journal's Software Agent System. It is possible to build up a user profile which may help in Collaborative Information Filtering.
• Support Collaborative Information Filtering. It is possible that a reader's interests can be ascertained after having viewed many articles. This profile could then be used to find and/or forward similar articles from this and other journals (or information sources) to the user. Similarly, if another user has a similar profile, then new articles of interest to the second user should be brought to the attention of the first. This type of Collaborative Information Filtering is described in Terry 1993 and Goldberg et al 1992 . Positive and negative annotations may be used in the selection of articles appropriate to the users profile.
• Help with Value Added References - add hyperlinks in the reference section of submitted documents.
  Initial work has concentrated on adding links to existing HTML documents. This needs to be done carefully and in consultation with the author if libel suits are to be avoided - the author of an anti-pornography article would rightly be upset to have links inserted into his/her document pointing to (in)appropriate sites, images, newsgroups and mailing lists.

Lilley 1995

C. Lilley, Not Just Decoration: Quality Graphics for the Web, World Wide Web Journal. 1 (1)(December 1995).

Lilley 1995

C. Lilley, World Wide Web Journal. 1 (1)(December 1995). http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Journal/1/lilley.053/paper/053.html

The intelligence in the system is not high - even the altavista advanced query search engine [HREF12] returns a non-commital URL which needs to be followed when given "Lilley" AND "Not Just Decoration: Quality Graphics for the Web".

Parsing free text in an HTML document suffers from even more problems as it may not be possible to establish the textual context. It should be remembered that the author is always part of the process so may be able to offer suggestions or make specific requests. This then opens up the problem into

• finding the appropriate key words or phrases
• finding any links to appropriate online documents or information sources.

The results are promising if open-ended.

The Agent System will alleviate the editorial pressure and hopefully encourage more researchers to give of their time as editors/advisers. It will also add to the quality and consistency of the journal by performing many necessary but tedious tasks. More information about Software Agents may be found at http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~amw/agents/ [HREF13] and in answer to the question "What's an Agent?" see http://foner.www.media.mit.edu/people/foner/agents.html [HREF14]

See the special agent reference section for further online information on agents.

Conclusion   

It remains to be seen whether new electronic journals will be accepted by academia for submission of articles or whether a stampede to electronically published articles will only occur when mainstream journals move online. It would be sad if Australia missed yet another wave of opportunity in promoting quality publishing. The fate of these journals lies in your hands....

Tired of lying in the sunshine, staying home to watch the rain
You are young and life is long and there is time to kill today.
And then one day you find ten years have got behind you.
No one told you when to run, you missed the starting gun.
Time.
Roger Waters, Pink Floyd.

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Hypertext References   

HREF1

http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/~raytrace - Home Page: http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/~raytrace

HREF2

http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/~ngsej - Home Page: http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/~ngsej

HREF3

http://www.w3.org/ - World Wide Web (WWW)

HREF4

http://www.nla.gov.au/oz/ausejour.html - australian electronic journals

HREF5

http://life.anu.edu.au/ci/ci.html - COMPLEXITY INTERNATIONAL

HREF6

http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/jagi - electronic journal.

HREF7

http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/jagi - journal

HREF8

http://altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/query?pg=aq&what=web&fmt=.&q=%22Creating+Web+pages%22+and+tutorial&r=&d0=&d1= - online tutorials on HTML

HREF9

http://www.bre.polyu.edu.hk/apweb96/ - Asia-Pacific Web 96

HREF10

http://www.cs.curtin.edu.au/units - Computer Graphics course notes

HREF11

http://www.netmind.com/URL-minder/URL-minder.html - URL-minder

HREF12

http://altavista.digital.com/ - altavista advanced query search engine

HREF13

http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~amw/agents/ - http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~amw/agents/

HREF14

http://foner.www.media.mit.edu/people/foner/agents.html - http://foner.www.media.mit.edu/people/foner/agents.html

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